Causes of Elevated Transaminase Levels

Liver Diseases

Hepatitis: Viral hepatitis (such as hepatitis B and C) is a common cause of elevated transaminase levels.
Fatty Liver: Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to elevated transaminase levels.
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver damage may lead to cirrhosis, which can affect transaminase levels.

Heart Diseases

Myocardial Infarction: Heart diseases, especially myocardial infarction, can cause elevated AST levels.

Muscle Diseases

Muscle Injury: Severe muscle injuries or diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, can result in elevated AST levels.

Biliary Tract Diseases

Gallstones or Cholangitis: These conditions can cause bile flow obstruction, leading to liver cell damage.

Metabolic Diseases

Wilson's Disease: A copper metabolism disorder that can cause liver damage.

Other Factors

Pregnancy, obesity, and certain genetic disorders may also lead to elevated transaminase levels.