Due to the potential for many diabetic patients to gradually develop diabetic nephropathy, it is crucial to test urine microalbumin at least every six months.
It is recommended to undergo nerve electrophysiological testing, including nerve conduction velocity measurement and electromyography, every 6 to 12 months.
Diabetic patients are prone to periodontal disease. Recurrent gingivitis can lead to gradual alveolar bone resorption, potentially causing loose teeth or even tooth loss. Therefore, an oral examination should be conducted every six months.
Managing blood pressure and lipid levels is crucial for diabetics. Patients with normal blood pressure should measure it at least once a week. Additionally, blood lipid levels should be checked every six months.
Regular fundus examinations are essential to prevent retinal diseases, fundus hemorrhage, or cataracts, and to prevent vision loss or blindness. A fundus examination should be done at least every six months.
Diabetic heart disease includes autonomic neuropathy, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Therefore, an ECG, cardiac autonomic electrophysiological testing, and a cardiac ultrasound should be performed every six months.
Peripheral vascular disease in diabetics should not be overlooked. An ultrasound can detect early peripheral vascular changes and should be conducted at least every six months.
If blood glucose levels are high, a urinalysis is necessary. Urinalysis not only reflects blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones but also helps in early detection of diabetic nephropathy. A urinalysis should be performed every six months.