How Liver Cancer is Diagnosed

Medical History and Physical Examination

Doctors will ask about the medical history, including family history, lifestyle habits, symptoms, and conduct a physical examination.

Blood Tests

These include liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, etc.) and tumor marker tests, such as measuring the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

Imaging Tests

Ultrasound: This is a non-invasive initial screening method that can detect abnormal areas in the liver.

CT Scan: Computed tomography scans provide more detailed images of the liver and help identify the size and location of tumors.

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging offers high-resolution images of the liver, aiding in the assessment of the tumor's nature and spread.

PET-CT: Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography evaluates the metabolic activity of the tumor and checks for distant metastasis.

Contrast-Enhanced Liver Ultrasound

Ultrasound with contrast agents provides a clearer view of liver blood flow, helping distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.

Laparoscopic Examination

In some cases, laparoscopic surgery may be required to directly observe the liver and other abdominal organs to assess the spread of the tumor.