How to Handle Pulmonary Nodules

How to Handle Pulmonary Nodules

Imaging Studies

Conduct a high-resolution CT scan to assess the size, shape, edge characteristics, and internal structure of the nodule. A PET scan may also be needed to evaluate the metabolic activity of the nodule.

Observation and Waiting

For small, low-risk nodules, doctors may recommend regular monitoring, such as a CT scan every 3-6 months to observe any changes in the nodule.

Further Testing

If the nodule enlarges or shows malignant imaging features, further tests may be needed, such as blood tumor marker tests, sputum cytology, bronchoscopy, or percutaneous lung biopsy.

Treatment

If a biopsy confirms the nodule is malignant, treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. For benign nodules, if they are small and asymptomatic, no treatment may be needed, only regular monitoring.

Specific Guidelines:

• Nodules less than 5mm: Regular monitoring is usually recommended, no immediate treatment is needed.
• Nodules 5-8mm: A CT scan may be needed every 6-12 months, depending on the nodule's characteristics and patient risk factors.
• Nodules larger than 8mm: More frequent monitoring or a biopsy may be necessary.