Polyps are generally classified into two types: adenomatous polyps and hyperplastic polyps.
Currently, the causes and mechanisms of gastric polyps are not fully understood. Preliminary studies suggest:
These are usually adaptive responses caused by infections and injuries in the stomach, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. About 40% of patients with H. pylori-positive hyperplastic polyps see complete polyp regression after successfully eradicating the H. pylori infection.
The relationship between adenomatous polyps and H. pylori infection is unclear. Their occurrence is often related to genetic mutations, possibly caused by changes in external or environmental factors leading to multiple gene alterations.
There may be a family history or hereditary possibility for familial polyps.
Certain medications can cause long-term stimulation of the gastric mucosa leading to polyps. There are also reports that long-term use of proton pump inhibitors can stimulate polyp formation. Additionally, diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also lead to the development of polyps.