Family history is a significant risk factor for lung cancer. If there is a history of lung cancer in the family, the risk of developing lung cancer increases even if you don't smoke.
Long-term exposure to harmful environments such as air pollution, asbestos, radioactive substances, and certain chemicals (like benzene and formaldehyde) can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke (passive smoking) also increases the risk of lung cancer.
Cooking in poorly ventilated kitchens, especially when frying food, produces fumes that contain various harmful substances. Long-term inhalation of these fumes may increase the risk of lung cancer.
Certain lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Some viral infections, such as human herpesvirus 4 (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), may be associated with the development of lung cancer.